Artificial Intelligence (AI)
Artificial Intelligence is a very broad term, and in its understanding, both fiction and science have played a major part. Also, there is no single understanding of the term, Artificial intelligence; In fact, there are several. However, some understandings or precepts, regarding Artificial Intelligence, are highly complex (Brighton, 2015). According to the simplest and most prevalent understanding, Artificial Intelligence or AI is the intelligence, which is demonstrated by machines, which we humans develop or create for different purposes. Therefore, Artificial Intelligence has another term, which very fittingly represents the phenomenon. That term is Machine Intelligence, and in literature, about this phenomenon, it frequently substitutes the more popular term, Artificial Intelligence (Harris, 2010).
It is the naturally evolved species, which are capable of demonstrating intelligence that we call natural intelligence. These species demonstrate intelligence to different extents and of different types. The most evolved species can demonstrate very high intelligence, whereas, other species can only employ natural intelligence to address their basic requirements, such as survival and food. When we study this phenomenon further, we learn that to the most extent; only humans can employ their intelligence for various reasons. This developed capacity of humans allows them to create artificial intelligence, which can mimic human intelligence to a great extent. Therefore, we can assert that humans intend to create Artificial Intelligence (AI), in their image. It is very evident that the intelligent machine’s intelligence (artificial) we develop on the patterns that are similar to our intelligence (natural) patterns (Ying, 2010). Therefore, there is a lot common between human and artificial intelligence; however, the evolution of Artificial intelligence, in a controlled environment, has been so rapid that it has started to worry great minds on the planet (Martınez-Miranda, and Aldea, 2005).
The extent of the evolution, we can understand, by emphasizing the capacity of these contemporary machines. For instance, now almost all smart-phones come with the features, which were once considered rare and expensive. Another example is of speech-recognition (Jiang and Yin, 2015). The more intelligent machine can recognize human speech, which is a further contributing to the evolution Artificial intelligence (McCorduck, 2004).
One of the primary concepts about Artificial Intelligence is that Artificial Intelligence is whatever, which has not been done yet. According to this understanding, definition or precept, Artificial intelligence is any intelligence, which is contemporary. However, this definition, which is very plain and rudimentary, is not widely accepted and used. The universally accepted definition and understanding of Artificial Intelligence remain provided or bestowed intelligence of machines, that these machines employ to perform various kinds of tasks assigned by humans (Kurzweil, 1990).
Machines, which demonstrate Artificial intelligence, can do reasoning to various extents (depends upon the maker and intended role for that machine), it identifies and sorts an information, it is able to understand commands (the most contemporary of these machines recognize and understand human speech) and perform tasks on command, in a particular manner (Sutcliffe and Benzmüller, 2010). However, modern intelligent machines have more attributes, and they can perform tasks that are more complex. It is imperative to understand that it is not only large and complex machines that demonstrate artificial intelligence, but also simple machines demonstrate artificial intelligence in particular fashion. For instance, a simple wristwatch can demonstrate artificial intelligence (smart watch not included). Therefore, artificial intelligence has various manifestations and various kinds of machines, humans developed to demonstrate artificial intelligence (Mnih, 2015).
Evolution of Artificial Intelligence
In the 50s, of the previous century, artificial intelligence was in its early stages and machines could perform intelligent tasks, which were very basic and simple. However, as the Technology evolved, so did the Artificial Intelligence and humans started to develop/create/manufacture machines, with artificial intelligence, which could perform complex tasks. For instance, artificial intelligence provides us information regarding weather, and it provides information, in real-time, regarding places and traffic (Montealegre, Hammer and Dissosway, 2005).
The earlier machines that were equipped with artificial intelligence were not very efficient; however, these machines gave birth to new ideas about Artificial Intelligence. These new ideas when became viable and profitable (commercially implementable), Artificial Intelligence evolved at an unprecedented pace. It suggests that in the evolution of Artificial Intelligence Business or Economics played a vital role. The evidence also suggests that when lab-ideas offered higher dividends, companies started to invest in Artificial intelligence. In the 70s and 80s, only large corporations were investing in such unconventional ideas, which outcomes dubbed as technologies of the future. However, when information and technology became universal, and some of the projects produced desired dividends, investors started to invest in AI (Lee and Lee, 2015).
Investment and information boom were exogenous factors, which facilitated the swift and the tremendous evolution of Artificial Intelligence. However, the prime endogenous factor was the ability of AI to evolve from the information is collected. In its early stages, Artificial Intelligence was not able to collect data and use it to progress or evolve. However, the later forms or types of Artificial Intelligence could not only absorb a large chunk of data/information and sort it, but also the AI could use this data or information to evolve.
The carefully crafted algorithms allowed Artificial Intelligence to sort various kinds of data, which allowed machines to perform tasks and especially predict. This ability to perform and predict, by exercising artificial intelligence, is very human-like, but far more powerful (Glorot and Bengio , 2010).
In modern times, artificial intelligence is evolving because of all these exogenous and endogenous factors and these endogenous and exogenous factors are providing direction to the evolution of Artificial Intelligence. This direction, in which the evolution of Artificial Intelligence is heading, makes people curious and this subject is fascinating for not only intelligent minds that are directly participating in is evolution, but also for ordinary people, whose lives are subtly being changed by its evolution (Zang, 2015).
Direction of Artificial Intelligence’s Evolution
Artificial Intelligence has become so important and relevant that for humans, it has become extremely difficult to imagine a world/future without it. The role, of Artificial Intelligence is increasing in our lives and humans are becoming more dependent on Artificial Intelligence every day. We find it everywhere, from our Smartphone’s to our cars (smart-cars). As the use, AI and our dependency on it, is increasing, so does the pace of its evolution. It is very natural because whatever humans focus, it grows or develops. In the contemporary world, humans are focusing or emphasizing on Artificial Intelligence to perform all kinds of tasks for humans. This extensive emphasis or focus on artificial intelligence is contributing to its evolution, and it seems that its pace will get only quicker from this point.
From the scrutiny of the evidence, regarding the evolution and direction of this evolution, we will learn that in the near future, we will witness various manifestations of artificial intelligence. Technology companies have already produced self-driving cars, which depicts 1) the extent to which machine intelligence has progressed and in what directing it is heading.
Another example is AI-powered predictions. Accuracy, of predictions, relies on the health and size of data. The healthier/reliable is a data, the more accurate the predictions. Through various sources, Artificial Intelligence, developed by private companies and government institutions, is collecting enormous chunks of data. These data companies use to make predictions of various natures or types.
Another direction, in which Artificial Intelligence is evolving, is the development of robots. Robots are human-like machines, which humans deign to perform certain types of tasks. The early types of robots were more for demonstration and less for performing simple or complex tasks. However, modern robots are very sophisticated, and they can perform such tasks, which we identify as complex and require high intelligence.
Some types of these robots function only as per instructions, and they are not able to function independently. However, some types of modern robots are self-aware, and they can think independently. It allows these human-like sophisticated machines to 1) contemplate on their own, 2) sort and 3) use information in diverse manners. These expanded intelligence and physical capacities alarm both members of the scientific community and ordinary people.
The military aspect, of Artificial Intelligence, is also very controversial. The United States have been using Artificial intelligence, for military purposes, for an extended period. It has allowed the United States military to attain and maintain a competitive edge against its rivals. However, this emphasis on military potential, of Artificial Intelligence, has provoked other countries, which are also now massively investing in Artificial Intelligence. As per reports, this has started a competition, which is fuelling the development of AI. United States stated that it considers Chinese investment in AI as a threat and therefore, it intends to counter it (Allen, 2017). The United States believes that China intends to exploit the military aspect of Artificial Intelligence and to counter it; the United States will invest more in AI, which will accelerate its development (Button, 2017).
This direction, of the development and evolution of AI is most disturbing, as it provides future machines, which are equipped with artificial intelligence, to threaten the very existence of humans. These provided instruments can be used against the human race, which is upsetting and frightening (Knight, 2017).
Self-aware Machines
Around 40 years ago, it was believed that consciousness is not a physical thing, which is humans would not be able to reproduce it at any level. The progress, in the realm, of artificial intelligence and neuron sciences, contradicts this claim and today humans can produce machines with consciousness or machines, which are self-aware. Contemporary studies reveal that consciousness is nothing but specific computations, which is why it is possible for humans to produce it artificially.
We must acknowledge that scientists understand consciousness differently than philosophers and prevailing or ordinary understanding regarding consciousness is very much influenced by the philosophical understanding of consciousness. From a scientific perspective, consciousness is a process or method rather than a metaphysical phenomenon. Scientists define it as a mix or combination of methods in which a brain processes information. It implies that consciousness is a process in which a brain identifies and selects information for analysis or computation. These computations are then self-monitored, which gives a certainty of a particular type, which we can call self-awareness. It suggests that self-awareness or consciousness are a consequence of certain algorithms, which occur in nature. Once we can discern these natural algorithms, about intelligence, we can replicate it for machines. In fact, some companies are working on replicating this phenomenon at the mechanical level (for machines), and to an extent, these companies can produce such machines that have the conscious or they are self-aware.
These developments have scared a few brilliant minds to the point that they have warned of a dystopian world, where humans are not the dominant force or being on earth. It will be a result, of technological singularity (theory), according to which humans will soon produce an Artificial Super Intelligence, which will be self-aware, and which will trigger the runaway technological growth, causing immense and catastrophic changes to human civilization. In a nutshell, humans may produce a real Frankenstein, which will be highly intelligent and self-aware (Hudson, 2017).
The fact is that currently, even with the most powerful algorithms, related to artificial intelligence, machines we produce are un-self-aware. It suggests that it will take enormous time and capital to produce a self-aware machine or robot, which can mimic humans completely. However, we must also recognize that humans have enormous financial resources and time to realize this objective, which excites them.
Perception Regarding the Evolution of Artificial Intelligence
In the scientific community, perception regarding Artificial intelligence and its evolution is much split. Some scientists, technologists, and inventors are of the view that Artificial Intelligence poses an existential threat to the human race and civilization. They observe that machines that are relatively more logical will question every human decision and may conclude, at some point, that humans are part of the problem, rather than a solution, as their activities are most detrimental to the planet.
Others are of the view that Artificial Intelligence or self-aware machines can co-exist with humans, and they can facilitate humans in realizing their most ambitious objectives. They assert that humans are not capable of taming nature. They require a more logical partner, which can aid humans in mastering nature and discovering the universe. They also argue that humans can equip machines, with not only self-awareness (conscious) but also conscience. It will reduce balance the logical side with emotions, and these machines will be able to think about patterns similar to humans. They assert that it is the logical side of the machines, which alarms and their efficiency to take logical decisions in a very short span of time. Scientists or developers can address this by equipping these machines with a conscience. However, the fact is that so far, scientists are not able to develop a consciousness and developing a conscience will require gigantic effort, if it is possible.
Most of the brilliant minds on this planet are skeptical regarding the co-existence theory. Elon Musk, of TESLA Inc., is of the view that evolution of Artificial Intelligence is alarming, and it must be slowed down. In expressing his opinion, regarding this subject, he said that Artificial Intelligence poses a greater threat to Human race and civilization than the nukes (Clifford, 2017).
Similarly, Professor Stephen Hawking, renowned for this theory about the origin of the universe, asserts that Artificial Intelligence poses a great threat to humans. The words, used by Stephen Hawking, are that Artificial Intelligence could be the worst event in the history of human civilization. It makes it quite apparent that brilliant minds and investors are very concerned regarding the evolution and the evolution of human intelligence, concerning them (Kharpal, 2017).
These concerns have trickled down, and now ordinary people are very concerned regarding the evolution of AI, and its direction. In fact, the multi-dimensional evolution of artificial intelligence is a true concern, along with its pace. Humans dominate the earth, because of their higher intelligence. It distinguishes them from other species and allows them to create and explore. If that natural intelligence, of humans, is not unique and superior (anymore), then humans are not superior to other species (Hagenbuch, 2017).
Possible Scenarios
Evolution of Artificial Intelligence can produce various kinds of realities or scenarios. However, this depends upon how evolution progresses. If evolution is allowed to be influenced, primarily, by exogenous factors, and it progresses at that current phenomenal rate, the outcome could be catastrophic. However, if endogenous factors affect evolution more than exogenous factors, self-aware machines will not be an existential threat.
Scenario 1
In this scenario, we presume that exogenous factors have influenced the development of Artificial Intelligence, more than the endogenous factors. It has resulted in the development of Artificial intelligence, which is more logical, it has greater ability to sort information and predict it, on a basis and it is independent in every sense of the word. These self-aware machines co-exist with humans for a limited period, but then they start to develop a world in which humans cannot interfere. It is because humans and machines perceive existence and the world in different lights. Therefore, their ultimate objectives, regarding both, are very different. The setting of different or maybe competing objectives may result in confrontation, which can take a form of military confrontation. It will destroy humans and their civilization, as self-aware machines are more logical and able to calculate-predict-execute at a greater rate.
Scenario 2
In this scenario, the exogenous factors primarily influenced the development of Artificial intelligence. It implies that the logical side of the self-aware machine or highly developed Artificial intelligence is equipped with a conscience. It will allow Artificial Intelligence equipped machines, which are also self-aware, to think in a manner which is very similar to humans. It allows them to share human perspective on existence and the world. However, it is hard to predict how much these machines will be affected by conscience (Simonite, 2017). The outcome is hard to predict, and because of that, it is very difficult to predict whether humans will be able to co-exist with their creation that has higher intelligence and ability to evolve at will.
Scenario 3
We allow Artificial Intelligence to develop in a very controlled environment. It implies that Artificial intelligence’s development will be highly regulated and only such machines, powered by Artificial Intelligence, humans will produce, which are tailored to perform only certain types of tasks in an instructing manner. Artificial intelligence development will not pose a threat, and these machines will assist humans in realizing these objectives, rather than competing against them for dominance.
The Extent of What We Must Develop It
From the systematic scrutiny of evidence and review of available literature, we learn 1) humans are developing artificial intelligence at very high pace, 2) Artificial Intelligence is contributing to its evolution (similar to the evolution of Natural Intelligence), 3) the rate of development of Artificial Intelligence is alarming and 4) humans are not able to predict the future of Artificial intelligence.
The most worrisome of all these facts is that fact that humans are not able to predict, with accuracy, the future of Machine Intelligence. We know that shortly, we will be able to produce machines, which will be self-aware. However, we do not know how these self-aware machines will react to the existing realities. It is because we humans do not understand what kind of consciousness these machines will have and how this consciousness will function in the absence of conscience and emotions. It is a fact that a logical mind is calculable and sees things only in black and white. As humans are not just logical, but also emotional, this is why they can create human civilization, which is unique. This civilization, of humans, will make less sense to a higher logical conscious and it will consider it extremely flawed. Therefore, human civilization will have less relevance for self-aware machines. This disregard and contempt for human civilization may yield challenges, and these challenges are discussed in various detailed dystopian scenarios, in which self-aware machines are developed and evolved to human level (Cuthbertson, 2017).
Our (humans’) fear stems from the uncertainty and the chances that we may develop a machine, which does not only look and think like a human but it more capable of humans (Russell, 2016). This expanded capability and capacity is petrifying, and yields the question that to what extent we humans should develop Artificial Intelligence?
From this discussion, we can infer that human should not develop artificial intelligence to the extent that it starts to compete with human intelligence and in the future, it may not start to compete against humans for dominance. Machines, which are equipped with artificial intelligence, should not be self-aware or if they are, they must only be self-aware to the extent that they can perform certain types of tasks as per the instructions given by humans. They will assist us in performing simple and complex tasks and in realizing our objectives. They self-aware machines must not have an identical conscious, and they must not be able to take independent decisions. These two attributes will bring self-aware machines at par with humans, and this will trigger the competition and struggle to dominate the planet, which machines may win (as per some estimates) because of their highly calculative and logical conscious.
To ensure that humans have to deliberately regulate the influence of exogenous and indigenous factors, which are contributing to the development of Artificial Intelligence? These exogenous and endogenous factors are the key to ensure that the human race and its civilization survive and progress respectively.
Humans employ artificial intelligence to realize various objectives. Currently, we use it for navigation, to learn about the weather, for research, business, for entertainment, etc. The utility of Artificial Intelligence is very high and existence without it is very basic and harsh. For instance, the economy in general and the banking sector in particular highly depends upon AI. Entire data, of clients, are maintained with the help if AI in the banking industry. Similarly, retrieving of information regarding market activity and projections related to the performance of markets are carried-out with the help of AI. It makes it vivid that artificial intelligence is essential for us; however, not at the cost of our collective existence.
How to control exogenous and endogenous factors
The exogenous factors, in the context of artificial intelligence, are identified as 1) commercial and military prospects of artificial intelligence and 2) growing dependence of humans on artificial intelligence to that point that it has become impossible to imagine a world without artificial intelligence. Endogenous factors, we identify, are those factors that developer’s control. For instance, what would be the capacity of a machine that demonstrated artificial intelligence or how it can use artificial intelligence?
From our study, we learn that so-called exogenous factors are in fact quasi or partial-exogenous factors. For instance, the commercial prospects of Artificial Intelligence excite companies to invest in it for higher dividends; however, a government can regulate the investment, and it can make sure through its policies that what kind of outcomes these investments may bring forth. Similarly, military aspect, of Artificial Intelligence, governments can regulate, but this will require broad consensus among different countries, as a military reacts to the war-capabilities of other countries and to the will to wage war.
Currently, companies like Google and Tesla are investing immensely in artificial intelligence, and that is contributing to its very rapid development. Governments are not fully aware of these programs and the intentions to invest in these endeavours related to artificial intelligence. In some cases, governments do not interfere deliberately, as they believe that their interference will affect progress, which benefits governments too. In fact, capitalist economies rely on their private sector for the modernization of its military and economy, which is why we that investing in Artificial intelligence is simple and less observed by government institutions (Yudkowsky, 2008).
It is also essential to recognize that countries consider Artificial Intelligence as an instrument to dominate the future. Different plans, of the United States, China, and European countries have come out, which suggest that the developed countries intend to use artificial intelligence as strategy and therefore, it collaborates with private companies to develop state of the art artificial intelligence. This competition, however, is also yielding adverse perceptions regarding AI. For instance, as China and other countries, which the United States considers rivals, are developing better Artificial Intelligence, United States is becoming more skeptical of AI, and now it can see the dark side of artificial intelligence. However, when US companies were leading the AI industry, the United States was quite comfortable with the development of AI. These developments may push countries to develop a loose consensus on Artificial Intelligence, its development and evolution and direction of development and evolution (Effective Altruism Foundation, 2015).
The evidence also suggests that in the last decade, countries have swelled their spending on Artificial intelligence. Countries like China, India is spending more than before, and their private sector, of these countries, is contributing to the development of Artificial Intelligence in these countries. These countries, like China and India, are also emphasized on the military potential of Artificial Intelligence, which is pushing leading countries, such as the United States, to spend more and allow private companies to invest in Artificial Intelligence. This competition makes commercial and military potential and aspect, of artificial intelligence, partial-exogenous factors.
Currently, it is the partial-exogenous factors, which dominate the development of artificial intelligence and to regulate the development and keep it less threatening for humans, it is essential that both private sector and governments focus on reducing the role of exogenous (partial) factors. It would require a global consensus and a huge exercise to develop that consensus.
Precautions
It is true that the development of AI, is progressing in a known direction, but we are not sure what kinds of results this development will produce. The uncertainty is frightening, and humans have only started to consider the possible backlash of developing AI at the current pace. It is true that humans want to talk to their machines, as shown in sci-fi movies, such as Star Trek. It is possible now, as artificial intelligence, related to speech recognition has matured. It will allow users verbally command their machines and ask them to perform complex tasks. In fact, in smartphones, the voice command feature is available, which allows humans to give the command to a Smartphone. In a few years, these Smartphone’s will be able to suggest their users and proactively interact with them.
IT will lead to the development of more self-conscious machines, which could evolve on their own. There are some machines, which can evolve to a small extent; however, machines that can intentionally evolve, by writing their codes, are not yet developed. Such machines can make possible the Technological Singularity, which will affect humans adversely. Therefore, humans must be very precarious.
- The policy leaders and developers of Artificial Intelligence must interact and share their views regarding the development of AI. Developers should share their vision of the AI’s future, and policymakers must reveal how they desire to incorporate artificial intelligence in the near and distant future. It will be a cumbersome process; however, this will allow humans to consider and project the future of AI, and this may result in a policy, which allows them to regulate its development.
- Discussion regarding the self-evolving machines is imperative. In fact, it is the self-evolving machines, which are self-conscious, that threaten humanity and their civilization. We humans are on the verge of creating a machine which can facilitate its evolution. It is extremely dangerous, and policymakers must discuss this with the development of AI.
- The malfunctioning of highly complex and sophisticated machines is very possible. In the year 2015, state-of-the-art artificial intelligence failed to provide the answers to a simple question. It was an image of alternating horizontal line, of yellow and black colour, which it identified as school bus every time. Such a mistake by artificial intelligence, produced for military purposes, could be catastrophic. Therefore, precautions companies must take regarding 1) manufacturing of state-of-the-art AI and 2) in considering sophisticated/expensive/contemporary AI free from any flaw.
- A precautious and sensitive state, which is aware of the benefits and threats of AI, will address the question that to which extent, a state or humans can trust an AI. This concern or apprehension of AI is going rouge, is not a just cinematic theme, but rather it is a very serious concern, as we humans are very close to developing a self-conscious or self-aware AI. If society, scientific community, investors, developers, and states start to pay attention to this concern, we precautionary measures may be identified in short-run and long run, we may be able to implement these measures.
- It is becoming more and more apparent that the state intends to use artificial intelligence to create a digital state, where machines are programmed to facilitate humans in not only performing everyday tasks, but also regulate the environment in such fashion that it does not deteriorate because of human wants and activities. However, a state must take precautions regarding the over-relying on artificial intelligence. It is because, error in a system, which is connected because of machines and Internet of Things, may create mayhem and chaos of biblical proportions.
- One of the precautionary measures is to identify risks and try to manage it.
Conclusion
During the discourse, we attempted to understand the term Artificial Intelligence, with the aid of literature regarding it. We learned that the term has multiple understandings, which are similar but not identical. We learned that machines demonstrate artificial intelligence and without machines, this phenomenon cannot express itself. There are several types of machines, which are equipped with Artificial Intelligence (also known as machine intelligence). These machines can be simple or complex; however, all of them are tailored to perform the task of particular types.
In the last couple of decades, artificial intelligence developed and evolved at a staggering pace. There are several factors which influenced its development to the extent that now developers are contemplating developing self-conscious machines. Also, these factors not only accepted the development, but also gave direction to its development and eventually to its semi-autonomous progress. For instance, the acceptance of humans towards Artificial intelligence and their inclination to use these equipped machines more frequently and extensively excited the investors to develop in Artificial intelligence. These developers are aware of the direction of this development of AI, but they are not sure what results may produce in coming years. Furthermore, because of the military aspect of Artificial intelligence, more countries are investing in it, which is why the development is a concern. For instance, United States use of Artificial Intelligence, for military purposes, is provocative and because of that, other countries are emphasizing on the military aspect of Artificial intelligence. It has started a competition, which affects the future, about AI, adversely.
One of the major concerns is self-aware artificial intelligence, demonstrated by machines that resemble humans. Robots are already being produced, which can perform various kinds of tasks, and when these robots are equipped with a conscious that allows them to take decisions independently, it will create a range of challenges for humans. In fact, any self-aware machine is unpredictable, and unpredictability makes people anxious regarding AI.
Therefore, any development of self-aware machines must be discouraged as self-aware machines are capable of evolving on their own, and this evolution may take any direction or course. Also, these machines are extremely logical and may not share similar perspective regarding realities, existence, and the world.
However, it is hard to deny that human civilization cannot progress, at a desirable pace, without artificial intelligence. It is an important ingredient of human civilization, and it is an instrument which we humans use tactically and strategically. Artificial intelligence influences our daily lives to the economy; therefore, it is not possible to reduce its role to zero. However, its role can be defined, and its development can be managed. We must only develop those machines, which are essential and do not have the capacity to self-evolve. These tailored machines will perform only instructed tasks, reducing the emphasis on the development of more independent and sophisticated machines, which demonstrate artificial intelligence. For that, policymakers, investors, and developers must identify the risks related to the development of AI and then devise a strategy according to these identified risks.
Recommendations
There are several recommendations which we offer after the thorough study of this subject and its implications for humans and their civilization.
- It is essential for governments and the private sector, which is involved in the development of AI, to discuss the possible future of AI. It will bring forth various perspectives regarding AI and how different parties which are involved in its development understand the development of AI. So far, no such exercise has been witnessed. This delay causes more complications, and during this period, artificial intelligence may continue to mature. Therefore, it is imperative that policymakers engage the global private sector, which invests in developing AI.
- The discussion regarding the possible adverse fallout of the development and evolution of AI, is almost non-existent. Individuals, like Stephen Hawking and Elon Musk, tried to start this debate but failed. Their efforts sparked a debate in the scientific community and society, but it could not provoke governments to discuss this matter and identify risks associated with the maturity of Artificial Intelligence. The discussion, when starts at a state level, it can produce greater results in a short span of time. Therefore, AI must be discussed at the state or global level, governments, and international institutions, such as the UN, and it must engage the private sector, as it is leading the development of AI.
- It is the time that the instruments we devise instruments to regulate development and evolution of AI. It is a very difficult task, and it requires enormous resources and sincerity. Therefore, the private sector alone cannot accomplish that especially, not without a policy or strategy regarding Artificial Intelligence. We have established in our discourse that the pace of development and the extent of it make ordinary people and scientists uneasy. Also, the only focus is on the positive impact of AI on humans, economy, administration and overall civilization.
- Control over the factors which influence the development of AI, we should establish. It is because these factors give pace and direction to development. It will require time and a far expanded understanding of AI, which we have now.
- The military aspect of Artificial Intelligence is very dangerous, and because of that, states are funding AI. This funding facilitates its exponential growth. It is essential to address the military potential of Artificial Intelligence and discern its consequences. Countries are very secretive about it, and they do not desire to discuss such sensitive matters. However, there is a possibility the countries may come together once the risks are discussed more openly and sincerely.
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